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Heroes'
Square (Hősök tere)
VI. Hősök tere, Metro:
M1 Hősök tere,
Built in 1896 to celebrate the millennium of the Hungarian
conquest of the Carparthian Basin, Heroes' Square is a vast
and grandiose symbol of 19th-century Hungarian nationalism.
An imposing
36-metre high column which supports the winged figure of the
Archangel Gabriel (György Zala 1896) is encircled on its
pedestal by statues of the seven conquering Magyar tribal
chiefs on horseback. Behind, are two semi-circular colonnades
housing the statues of the most famous rulers in Hungarian
history.
The stone tablet
in front of the main column, which on ceremonial occasions is
guarded by soldiers, commemorates those who died for national
freedom and independence. The square is flanked on either side
by the Szépmüvészeti Múzeum (Museum of Fine Arts) and the
Múcsarnok (Palace of Art).
The Hilton Hotel
I. Hess András tér, Metro:
M2 Moszkva tér, Várbusz,
On the western side of Hess András tér stands the
Budapest Hilton. Although Béla
Pintér's mid-70s building is now showing its age, the design
is set apart from others in the city thanks to the
incorporation of a 13th-century Dominican church (and the wall
of a 17th-century Jesuit college) into the hotel's main core.
The Dominican courtyard, which sits between the two main
wings, is occasionally used as for open-air operas during the
summer.
Holy Trinity Column
(Szentháromság Szobor)
I. Szentháromság tér, Metro:
M2 Moszkva tér, Várbusz,
Treated as just another snapshot by
the coach loads of tourists that descend on Castle Hill during
the summer, the solemn meaning behind the Baroque style Holy
Trinity column is often lost amidst the frantic clicking of
camera shutters.
The column, which
stands in the centre of Szentháromság tér (Trinity Square) was
built by Buda's Council in the early part of the 18th century
to serve as a lasting memorial to those who died in the
devastating plague of 1691.
At the foot of
the column, the biblical King David is depicted praying for an
end to the plague, while on the main body a multitude of
saints and cherubs can be seen under the golden Holy Trinity.
The square
itself, which used to be a market place in medieval times, is
the highest point of Castle Hill.
The
Hungarian National Bank
and International Bank Center (Nemzeti Bank)
V. Szabadság tér 8-9 and Bank utca/Sas
utca (Bank Center), Metro:
M3 Arany János u, Website:
www.mnb.hu and
www.bankcenter.hu,
Think of two heavyweight boxers in the ring and you'll get
some idea as to the size and style of these two buildings,
which stand opposite each other on Bank utca.
Whilst neither
can be considered among Budapest's finest, Ignác Alpár's 1905
Hungarian National bank is undoubtedly the grander of the
two. On the first floor level are elegant limestone reliefs
depicting every aspect of money, commerce and trading in the
early 20th century.
Inner City Parish Church (Belvárosi Plébániatemplom)
V. Március 15 tér, Metro:
M3 Ferenciek tere, Open:
9am-12:30pm, 6pm-7pm Mon-Sat, 6pm-7pm Sun,
Standing at the Pest end of the Elizabeth Bridge, the Inner
City Parish Church was saved from demolition by popular
protest at the time of the original bridge's construction (one
of the earliest environmental campaigns in Hungary). While the
church's origins date back to the 12th century, it's easy to
spot how the building has been altered and enlarged over the
centuries. Indeed, it was almost completely rebuilt twice in
the 14th and 18th centuries. The Turks also used it as a
mosque while they occupied the city, and you can still see a
carved Muslim prayer niche on the right side of the church's
main altar.
Labyrinth/Catacombs
of Buda Castle (Budavári Labirintus)
I. Úri utca, Metro:
M2 Moszkva tér, Várbusz, Bus/16,
Open 9:30am-7.30pm Mon-Sun,
Budapest Card accepted, Website:
www.labirintus.com,
The labyrinth of caves and tunnels which stretch for over 10
kilometres beneath Castle Hill are said to have been joined
together by the Turks during the middle ages for military
purposes. In the 17th century, parts of the catacombs were
used to store wine. More recently, the immediate area under
Úri utca served as an air-raid shelter during World War II.
Today, about 1.5 kilometres are open to the general public,
with an area of the labyrinth set aside for a waxwork
exhibition on early Hungarian history.
Unfortunately,
there's no way of visiting the caves unless you pay to see the
exhibition (which many have found disappointing and pricey).
One plus point however, is the Labyrinth café which has live
music performances during the summer from blues and jazz
artists. Guided tours of the caves - which start every 10-20
minutes - are given in four languages including English.
Liberation Monument (Felszabadulási emlékmű)
XI. Gellérthegy, Bus 27, Website:
http://www.citadella.hu,
A short walk from the Citadel is the 14-metre high liberation
monument commissioned by Admiral Horthy, Hungary's pre-war and
World War II dictator. Zigmond Kisfaludy-Strobl's original
design, which featured a female figure holding an aircraft
propeller, was commissioned after the death of Horthy's son
István who was killed in a plane crash during World War II.
It's said that when the Red Army arrived in 1945, a palm
replaced the propeller and the monument came instead to
symbolise liberation from Fascist rule. In truth, the Russian
version of the monument is a different design by the same
sculptor. Ironically, the statue of the Red Army soldier that
stood guard at the foot of the monument has been
unceremoniously carted off to Statue Park on the outskirts of
the city.
Mary Magdelene Tower (Mária Magdolna Torony)
I. Országház utca/Kapisztrán tér, Metro:
M2 Moszkva tér, Várbusz,
Today, all that remains of the 13th-century Franciscan church
which once stood here is the Mary Magdelene Tower. Both the
chancel and nave of the church were destroyed during allied
bombing raids in World War II and although the tower itself is
largely a post-war reconstruction, the building has a rich
turbulent history. For a short time, under Turkish occupation,
it continued to hold Christian services, with Protestants
using the nave and Catholics the chancel. Eventually, it too
was converted into a mosque, although following the expulsion
of the Turks in 1686 it reverted back to a church in which
Franz I was crowned here in 1872. Later on it served as the
garrison church for men stationed at the neighbouring army
barracks.
Margaret Island (Margitsziget)
The 1˝ mile long
Margaret Island (), which is connected to both Buda and Pest
by the Margaret and Árpád Bridges, is one of the most
beautiful open spaces in the city. Visitors wanting to take
time out from the noise and bustle of Pest will enjoy the
serenity of the island's park, which was established over one
hundred years ago (1869). The island was named after the
daughter of King Bela IV (1235-1270) who lived in a Dominican
convent here during the 13th century. The ruins of the convent
can still be seen today on the island's east bank.
Heading south from Árpád híd along the
Pest side of the island, you'll find two spa hotels situated
in close proximity to each other (they are actually linked by
an underground tunnel). The first is Miklós Ybl's attractively
designed
Grand Hotel which shares its
facilities with the relatively modern
Thermal Hotel. A short distance
away is the island's distinctive and colourful rock garden,
which leads on to Szent Mihály templom, a 20th-century
reconstruction of a 12th-century church.
There are two public baths on the island
- the first being the sprawling
Palatinus strand, which can hold up
to 20,000 people in the summer (with both cold/warm water
pools and an artificial wave maker). The smaller Hajós baths
to the south is named after Hungary's first Olympic gold
medallist in swimming.
The Matthias Church (Mátyás Templom)
I. Szentháromság tér 2, Varbusz, Open
daily 9am-5pm, Website: http://www.matyas-templom.hu
At the very heart of Buda's Castle District is the Mátyás
Templom. Officially named as the Church of Our Lady, it has
been popularly named after King Matthias Corvinus (Good King
Mátyás) who ordered the construction of its original southern
tower. In many respects, the 700 year history of the church
serves as a symbol (or perhaps a reminder for Hungarians) of
the city's rich, yet often tragic history. Not only was the
church the scene of several coronations, including that of
Charles IV in 1916 (the last Habsburg king), it was also the
site for King Mátyás' two weddings (the first to Catherine of
Podiebrad and, after her death, to Beatrice of Aragon).
Any Hungarian
historian of note will tell you that the darkest period in the
church's history was the century and a half of Turkish
occupation. The vast majority of its ecclesiastical treasures
were shipped off to Pozsony (Bratislava) and following the
capture of Buda in 1541 the church spent life as the city's
main mosque. To add insult to injury, ornate frescoes that
previously ordained the walls of the building were whitewashed
and interior furnishings stripped out.
Although
following Turkish expulsion in 1686 an attempt was made to
restore the church in the Baroque style, historical evidence
shows that the work was largely unsatisfactory. It was not
until the great architectural boom towards the end of the 19th
century that the building regained much of its former
splendour. The architect responsible for this work was Frigyes
Schulek.
Not only was the
church restored to its original 13th century plan but a number
of early original Gothic elements were uncovered. By also
adding new motifs of his own (such as the diamond pattern roof
tiles and gargoyles laden spire) Schulek ensured that the
work, when finished, would be highly controversial. Today
however, Schulek's restoration provides visitors with one of
the most prominent and characteristic features of Budapest's
cityscape.
Inside, visitors
tend to head straight for the Ecclesiastical Art museum which
begins in the medieval crypt and leads up to the St. Stephen
Chapel. The gallery contains a number of sacred relics and
medieval stone carvings, along with replicas of the Hungarian
royal crown and coronation jewels.
New York Café (New York Kávéház)
VII. Erzsébet körút 9-11, Metro:
M2 Astoria, Tram 4, 6
Previously shrouded under scaffolding and a dirty black
exterior, visitors 'not in the know' would simply pass by the
New York Kávéház without discovering the wonderfully lavish
neo-Baroque interior of this late 19th-century building.
Unfortunately, the café, which was once the haunt of
Budapest's most famous poets and playwrights, was rammed
unceremoniously by a Russian tank during the 1956 uprising (it
also suffered significant bomb damage during WWII). Until now
the resultant structural damage was deemed too costly to
repair.
All that is set
to change, however, following the acquisition of the New York
Palace (in which the café is housed) by Italian hotel group
Boscolo. Promising to spend 8 Billion HUF on restoration work
alone, they are currently transforming the building into a
luxury 235 room, five star hotel. This remodeling started in
2001 and has yet to be finished as of this writing in 2005.
Opera House
(Magyar Állami Operaház)
VI. Andrássy út 22, Metro:
M1 Opera, Box office opens: 10am 7pm
daily, Guided Tours 3pm and 4pm daily, Website:
www.opera.hu,
Designed by Miklós Ybl to commemorate the Hungarian millennium
celebrations, Budapest's magnificent State Opera House was
completed in 1884. Regarded as one of the most important
historical buildings in Hungary, its elegantly styled
neo-Renaissance proportions fit in perfectly with neighbouring
buildings on Andrássy ut.
The façade of the
building is decorated with statues of 16 of the world's
greatest composers including Monteverdi, Mozart, Beethoven,
Verdi, Bizet and Tchaikovsky. There are also representations
of the muses of opera, together with sculptures of Franz Liszt
and Ferenc Erkel (the composer of the Hungarian national
anthem and director of the opera house when it opened in 1884)
at ground level. The interior of the building is equally
lavish. Karoly Lotz's frescoed ceiling in the main auditorium,
which depicts 'Olympus, home of the Gods' is particularly
breathtaking. What's more, over seven kilograms of gold were
used to decorate the horseshoe shaped auditorium, which seats
over 1200 people.
Parliament
(Országház)
V. Kossuth Lajos tér, Metro:
M2 Kossuth Lajos tér, Tram 2,
Website:
www.mkogy.hu/parl_en.htm (lists
times for tours in English, French, German, Russian, Hebrew,
Japanese, Italian and Spanish),
Looking out from the vantage point of the Fisherman's Bastion
across the Danube, the flat Pest skyline between the Margaret
bridge and Lánchíd is dominated by only one building - the
Országház (Houses of Parliament).
Conceived and
built for the millennium celebrations of 1896, the Imre
Steindl design was only finished in 1902 (the year of his
death). Inspired in part, by the Palace of Westminster, its
white neo-gothic turrets and arches stretch for over 250
metres along the Danube embankment.
The building,
which comprises of 691 rooms, immense halls and over 12.5
miles of corridors, has a central dome of 96-metres (precisely
the same height as that of Szent István Basilica). Group
excursions take place when Parliament is not in session,
usually taking in the chamber of the former upper house (you
can actually sit on the members benches). Each tour lasts
approximately 20 minutes and flash/video photography is
allowed.
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